diff --git a/src/optimize.rs b/src/gradient_solver/backprop.rs
similarity index 57%
rename from src/optimize.rs
rename to src/gradient_solver/backprop.rs
index 9a58b71..f924f1f 100644
--- a/src/optimize.rs
+++ b/src/gradient_solver/backprop.rs
@@ -1,44 +1,9 @@
 use num::ToPrimitive;
 
-use crate::{
-    derivable::NeuraLoss,
-    layer::NeuraTrainableLayer,
-    network::{NeuraTrainableNetwork, NeuraTrainableNetworkBase},
-};
+use crate::{network::NeuraTrainableNetworkBase, derivable::NeuraLoss, layer::NeuraTrainableLayer};
 
-pub trait NeuraOptimizerBase {
-    type Output<NetworkInput, NetworkGradient>;
-}
-
-pub trait NeuraOptimizerFinal<LayerOutput>: NeuraOptimizerBase {
-    fn eval_final(&self, output: LayerOutput) -> Self::Output<LayerOutput, ()>;
-}
+use super::*;
 
-pub trait NeuraOptimizerTransient<LayerOutput>: NeuraOptimizerBase {
-    fn eval_layer<
-        Input,
-        NetworkGradient,
-        RecGradient,
-        Layer: NeuraTrainableLayer<Input, Output = LayerOutput>,
-    >(
-        &self,
-        layer: &Layer,
-        input: &Input,
-        rec_opt_output: Self::Output<LayerOutput, RecGradient>,
-        combine_gradients: impl Fn(Layer::Gradient, RecGradient) -> NetworkGradient,
-    ) -> Self::Output<Input, NetworkGradient>;
-}
-
-pub trait NeuraOptimizer<Input, Target, Trainable: NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Input>> {
-    fn get_gradient(
-        &self,
-        trainable: &Trainable,
-        input: &Input,
-        target: &Target,
-    ) -> Trainable::Gradient;
-
-    fn score(&self, trainable: &Trainable, input: &Input, target: &Target) -> f64;
-}
 
 pub struct NeuraBackprop<Loss> {
     loss: Loss,
@@ -55,7 +20,7 @@ impl<
         Target,
         Trainable: NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Input>,
         Loss: NeuraLoss<Trainable::Output, Target = Target> + Clone,
-    > NeuraOptimizer<Input, Target, Trainable> for NeuraBackprop<Loss>
+    > NeuraGradientSolver<Input, Target, Trainable> for NeuraBackprop<Loss>
 where
     <Loss as NeuraLoss<Trainable::Output>>::Output: ToPrimitive,
     Trainable: for<'a> NeuraTrainableNetwork<Input, (&'a NeuraBackprop<Loss>, &'a Target)>,
@@ -77,19 +42,19 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<Loss, Target> NeuraOptimizerBase for (&NeuraBackprop<Loss>, &Target) {
+impl<Loss, Target> NeuraGradientSolverBase for (&NeuraBackprop<Loss>, &Target) {
     type Output<NetworkInput, NetworkGradient> = (NetworkInput, NetworkGradient); // epsilon, gradient
 }
 
 impl<LayerOutput, Target, Loss: NeuraLoss<LayerOutput, Target = Target>>
-    NeuraOptimizerFinal<LayerOutput> for (&NeuraBackprop<Loss>, &Target)
+    NeuraGradientSolverFinal<LayerOutput> for (&NeuraBackprop<Loss>, &Target)
 {
     fn eval_final(&self, output: LayerOutput) -> Self::Output<LayerOutput, ()> {
         (self.0.loss.nabla(self.1, &output), ())
     }
 }
 
-impl<LayerOutput, Target, Loss> NeuraOptimizerTransient<LayerOutput>
+impl<LayerOutput, Target, Loss> NeuraGradientSolverTransient<LayerOutput>
     for (&NeuraBackprop<Loss>, &Target)
 {
     fn eval_layer<
diff --git a/src/gradient_solver/mod.rs b/src/gradient_solver/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83bc595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gradient_solver/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+mod backprop;
+pub use backprop::NeuraBackprop;
+
+use crate::{
+    layer::NeuraTrainableLayer,
+    network::{NeuraTrainableNetwork, NeuraTrainableNetworkBase},
+};
+
+pub trait NeuraGradientSolverBase {
+    type Output<NetworkInput, NetworkGradient>;
+}
+
+pub trait NeuraGradientSolverFinal<LayerOutput>: NeuraGradientSolverBase {
+    fn eval_final(&self, output: LayerOutput) -> Self::Output<LayerOutput, ()>;
+}
+
+pub trait NeuraGradientSolverTransient<LayerOutput>: NeuraGradientSolverBase {
+    fn eval_layer<
+        Input,
+        NetworkGradient,
+        RecGradient,
+        Layer: NeuraTrainableLayer<Input, Output = LayerOutput>,
+    >(
+        &self,
+        layer: &Layer,
+        input: &Input,
+        rec_opt_output: Self::Output<LayerOutput, RecGradient>,
+        combine_gradients: impl Fn(Layer::Gradient, RecGradient) -> NetworkGradient,
+    ) -> Self::Output<Input, NetworkGradient>;
+}
+
+pub trait NeuraGradientSolver<Input, Target, Trainable: NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Input>> {
+    fn get_gradient(
+        &self,
+        trainable: &Trainable,
+        input: &Input,
+        target: &Target,
+    ) -> Trainable::Gradient;
+
+    fn score(&self, trainable: &Trainable, input: &Input, target: &Target) -> f64;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 391cd9f..d8f1896 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pub mod algebra;
 pub mod derivable;
 pub mod layer;
 pub mod network;
-pub mod optimize;
+pub mod gradient_solver;
 pub mod train;
 
 mod utils;
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ pub mod prelude {
     pub use crate::network::sequential::{
         NeuraSequential, NeuraSequentialConstruct, NeuraSequentialTail,
     };
-    pub use crate::optimize::NeuraBackprop;
+    pub use crate::gradient_solver::NeuraBackprop;
     pub use crate::train::NeuraBatchedTrainer;
 }
diff --git a/src/network/mod.rs b/src/network/mod.rs
index ac37723..0e2556b 100644
--- a/src/network/mod.rs
+++ b/src/network/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{algebra::NeuraVectorSpace, layer::NeuraLayer, optimize::NeuraOptimizerBase};
+use crate::{algebra::NeuraVectorSpace, layer::NeuraLayer, gradient_solver::NeuraGradientSolverBase};
 
 pub mod sequential;
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub trait NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Input>: NeuraLayer<Input> {
 
 pub trait NeuraTrainableNetwork<Input, Optimizer>: NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Input>
 where
-    Optimizer: NeuraOptimizerBase,
+    Optimizer: NeuraGradientSolverBase,
 {
     fn traverse(
         &self,
diff --git a/src/network/sequential/mod.rs b/src/network/sequential/mod.rs
index 7a0ee72..637a42f 100644
--- a/src/network/sequential/mod.rs
+++ b/src/network/sequential/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::{NeuraTrainableNetwork, NeuraTrainableNetworkBase};
 use crate::{
     layer::{NeuraLayer, NeuraPartialLayer, NeuraShape, NeuraTrainableLayer},
-    optimize::{NeuraOptimizerFinal, NeuraOptimizerTransient},
+    gradient_solver::{NeuraGradientSolverFinal, NeuraGradientSolverTransient},
 };
 
 mod construct;
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ impl<Input: Clone> NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Input> for () {
 impl<
         Input,
         Layer: NeuraTrainableLayer<Input>,
-        Optimizer: NeuraOptimizerTransient<Layer::Output>,
+        Optimizer: NeuraGradientSolverTransient<Layer::Output>,
         ChildNetwork: NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Layer::Output>,
     > NeuraTrainableNetwork<Input, Optimizer> for NeuraSequential<Layer, ChildNetwork>
 where
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<Input: Clone, Optimizer: NeuraOptimizerFinal<Input>> NeuraTrainableNetwork<Input, Optimizer>
+impl<Input: Clone, Optimizer: NeuraGradientSolverFinal<Input>> NeuraTrainableNetwork<Input, Optimizer>
     for ()
 {
     fn traverse(
diff --git a/src/train.rs b/src/train.rs
index 1e45d5e..1288578 100644
--- a/src/train.rs
+++ b/src/train.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{
-    algebra::NeuraVectorSpace, network::NeuraTrainableNetworkBase, optimize::NeuraOptimizer,
+    algebra::NeuraVectorSpace, network::NeuraTrainableNetworkBase, gradient_solver::NeuraGradientSolver,
 };
 
 #[non_exhaustive]
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl NeuraBatchedTrainer {
         Input: Clone,
         Target: Clone,
         Network: NeuraTrainableNetworkBase<Input>,
-        GradientSolver: NeuraOptimizer<Input, Target, Network>,
+        GradientSolver: NeuraGradientSolver<Input, Target, Network>,
         Inputs: IntoIterator<Item = (Input, Target)>,
     >(
         &self,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ mod test {
         layer::{dense::NeuraDenseLayer, NeuraLayer},
         network::sequential::{NeuraSequential, NeuraSequentialTail},
         neura_sequential,
-        optimize::NeuraBackprop,
+        gradient_solver::NeuraBackprop,
     };
 
     #[test]