diff --git a/Rubin.lean b/Rubin.lean index 8cdc294..360242a 100644 --- a/Rubin.lean +++ b/Rubin.lean @@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ by have univ_rigid : IsRigidSubgroup (G := G) Set.univ := by constructor simp [Set.eq_singleton_iff_unique_mem] - exact LocallyMoving.nontrivial_elem + exact LocallyMoving.nontrivial_elem G α use {} simp diff --git a/Rubin/Filter.lean b/Rubin/Filter.lean new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bad2c54 --- /dev/null +++ b/Rubin/Filter.lean @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@ +import Mathlib.Order.Filter.Basic +import Mathlib.Topology.Basic +import Mathlib.Topology.Bases +import Mathlib.Topology.Separation + +def Filter.InBasis {α : Type _} (F : Filter α) (B : Set (Set α)) : Prop := + ∀ (S : Set α), S ∈ F → ∃ T ∈ F, T ∈ B ∧ T ⊆ S + +/-- +This is a formulation for prefilters in a basis that are ultra. +It is a weaker statement than regular ultrafilters, +but it allows for some nice properties, like the equivalence of cluster points and neighborhoods. +--/ +structure UltrafilterInBasis {α : Type} (F : Filter α) (B : Set (Set α)) := + in_basis : Filter.InBasis F B + + ultra : ∀ (F' : Filter α), F'.InBasis B → F'.NeBot → F' ≤ F → F ≤ F' + +theorem Filter.InBasis.from_hasBasis {α ι : Type _} {F : Filter α} {pi : ι → Prop} {si : ι → Set α} + (F_basis: Filter.HasBasis F pi si) + {B : Set (Set α)} + (basis_subset : ∀ i : ι, pi i → si i ∈ B) : + Filter.InBasis F B := +by + intro S S_in_F + let ⟨i, pi_i, si_i_ss⟩ := (F_basis.mem_iff' _).mp S_in_F + use si i + repeat' apply And.intro + · rw [F_basis.mem_iff'] + use i + · apply basis_subset + assumption + · assumption + +variable {α : Type _} {F : Filter α} {B : Set (Set α)} + +theorem Filter.InBasis.mono {C : Set (Set α)} (F_basis : F.InBasis B) (B_ss_C : B ⊆ C) : + F.InBasis C := +by + intro S S_in_F + let ⟨T, T_in_F, T_in_B, T_ss_S⟩ := F_basis S S_in_F + use T + repeat' apply And.intro + any_goals apply B_ss_C + all_goals assumption + +def Filter.InBasis.basis {α : Type _} (F : Filter α) (B : Set (Set α)): Set (Set α) := + { S : Set α | S ∈ F ∧ S ∈ B } + +theorem Filter.InBasis.basis_subset : Filter.InBasis.basis F B ⊆ B := fun _ ⟨_, S_in_B⟩ => S_in_B + +theorem Filter.InBasis.basis_nonempty (F_basis : Filter.InBasis F B): Set.Nonempty (Filter.InBasis.basis F B) := +by + let ⟨T, T_in_F, T_in_B, _⟩ := F_basis Set.univ Filter.univ_mem + exact ⟨T, T_in_F, T_in_B⟩ + +theorem Filter.InBasis.basis_nonempty' (F_basis : Filter.InBasis F B): Nonempty (Filter.InBasis.basis F B) := +by + rw [Set.nonempty_coe_sort] + exact Filter.InBasis.basis_nonempty F_basis + +theorem Filter.InBasis.basis_hasBasis (F_basis : Filter.InBasis F B): + F.HasBasis (fun S => S ∈ Filter.InBasis.basis F B) id := +by + constructor + intro T + simp [basis, and_assoc] + constructor + · intro T_in_F + exact F_basis T T_in_F + · intro ⟨S, S_in_F, _, S_ss_T⟩ + exact mem_of_superset S_in_F S_ss_T + +-- (map_mono : ∀ A B : Set α, A ⊆ B ↔ map A ⊆ map B) (F_basis : F.InBasis B) +def Filter.InBasis.map_basis {α β : Type _} (F : Filter α) (B : Set (Set α)) + (map : Set α → Set β): Filter β := + ⨅ (S : Filter.InBasis.basis F B), Filter.principal (map S) + +lemma Filter.InBasis.map_directed {β : Type _} (F_basis : F.InBasis B) + (map : Set α → Set β) (map_mono : Monotone map) : + Directed (fun S T => S ≥ T) fun S : Filter.InBasis.basis F B => Filter.principal (map S.val) := +by + intro ⟨S, S_in_F, S_in_B⟩ ⟨T, T_in_F, T_in_B⟩ + have S_int_T_in_F : S ∩ T ∈ F := inter_mem S_in_F T_in_F + let ⟨U, U_in_F, U_in_B, U_ss_ST⟩ := F_basis _ S_int_T_in_F + let ⟨U_ss_S, U_ss_T⟩ := Set.subset_inter_iff.mp U_ss_ST + use ⟨U, U_in_F, U_in_B⟩ + simp + constructor <;> apply map_mono <;> assumption + +theorem Filter.InBasis.map_basis_neBot {β : Type _} [Nonempty β] (F_basis : F.InBasis B) + (map : Set α → Set β) (map_mono : Monotone map) (map_nonempty : ∀ S ∈ B, Set.Nonempty (map S)) : + Filter.NeBot (Filter.InBasis.map_basis F B map) := +by + apply Filter.iInf_neBot_of_directed + · exact Filter.InBasis.map_directed F_basis map map_mono + · intro ⟨S, S_in_F, S_in_B⟩ + simp + exact map_nonempty _ S_in_B + +theorem Filter.InBasis.map_basis_hasBasis {β : Type _} [Nonempty β] (F_basis : F.InBasis B) + (map : Set α → Set β) (map_mono : Monotone map): + (Filter.InBasis.map_basis F B map).HasBasis (fun T : Set α => T ∈ F ∧ T ∈ B) map := +by + unfold map_basis + constructor + intro T + + have basis_nonempty := Filter.InBasis.basis_nonempty' F_basis + + rw [Filter.mem_iInf_of_directed] + · simp [basis, <-and_assoc] + · exact Filter.InBasis.map_directed F_basis map map_mono + +theorem Filter.InBasis.map_basis_inBasis (F_basis : Filter.InBasis F B) + (map : Set α → Set β) (map_mono : Monotone map) (map_nonempty : ∀ S ∈ B, Set.Nonempty (map S)) : + (Filter.InBasis.map_basis F B map).InBasis (map '' B) := +by + intro S S_in_map + + have β_nonempty : Nonempty β := by + let ⟨T, _, T_in_B⟩ := Filter.InBasis.basis_nonempty' F_basis + let ⟨x, _⟩ := map_nonempty T T_in_B + use x + + have has_basis := Filter.InBasis.map_basis_hasBasis F_basis map map_mono + + rw [has_basis.mem_iff'] at S_in_map + let ⟨T, ⟨T_in_F, T_in_B⟩, mapT_ss_S⟩ := S_in_map + + use map T + repeat' apply And.intro + · rw [has_basis.mem_iff'] + use T + · simp + use T + · assumption + +theorem nhds_in_basis [TopologicalSpace α] (p : α) (B_basis : TopologicalSpace.IsTopologicalBasis B): + (nhds p).InBasis B := + Filter.InBasis.from_hasBasis B_basis.nhds_hasBasis (fun _ ⟨in_B, _⟩ => in_B) + +instance Filter.InBasis.order_bot : OrderBot { F : Filter α // F.InBasis B ∨ F = ⊥ } where + bot := ⟨⊥, by right; rfl ⟩ + bot_le := by + intro ⟨F, _⟩ + simp + +theorem Filter.InBasis.inf {F₁ F₂ : Filter α} + (basis_closed : ∀ b1 b2 : Set α, b1 ∈ B → b2 ∈ B → Set.Nonempty (b1 ∩ b2) → b1 ∩ b2 ∈ B) + (F₁_basis : F₁.InBasis B) (F₂_basis : F₂.InBasis B) (nebot : Filter.NeBot (F₁ ⊓ F₂)): + Filter.InBasis (F₁ ⊓ F₂) B := +by + intro T T_in_inf + + let ⟨T₁, T₁_in_F₁, T₂, T₂_in_F₂, T_eq⟩ := Filter.mem_inf_iff.mp T_in_inf + + let ⟨S₁, S₁_in_F₁, S₁_in_B, S₁_ss_T₁⟩ := F₁_basis T₁ T₁_in_F₁ + let ⟨S₂, S₂_in_F₂, S₂_in_B, S₂_ss_T₂⟩ := F₂_basis T₂ T₂_in_F₂ + + let S := S₁ ∩ S₂ + have S_in_inf : S ∈ F₁ ⊓ F₂ := by + rw [Filter.mem_inf_iff] + exact ⟨S₁, S₁_in_F₁, S₂, S₂_in_F₂, rfl⟩ + + use S + repeat' apply And.intro + · assumption + · apply basis_closed S₁ S₂ S₁_in_B S₂_in_B + apply Filter.nonempty_of_mem S_in_inf + · rw [T_eq] + exact Set.inter_subset_inter S₁_ss_T₁ S₂_ss_T₂ + +theorem Finset.Nonempty.induction {α : Type*} {p : ∀ (F : Finset α), F.Nonempty → Prop} [DecidableEq α] (initial : ∀ a : α, p {a} (Finset.singleton_nonempty a)) + (insert : ∀ ⦃a : α⦄ {s : Finset α} (ne : s.Nonempty), a ∉ s → p s ne → p (insert a s) (Finset.insert_nonempty _ _)) : ∀ s, ∀ ne : s.Nonempty, p s ne := +by + intro S S_nonempty + apply Finset.Nonempty.cons_induction + exact initial + intro a s a_notin_s s_nonempty p_rec + simp + apply insert <;> assumption + +theorem Finset.Nonempty.induction_on' {α : Type*} {p : ∀ (F : Finset α), F.Nonempty → Prop} [DecidableEq α] {I : Finset α} (I_nonempty : I.Nonempty) + (initial : ∀ a : α, a ∈ I → p {a} (Finset.singleton_nonempty a)) + (insert : ∀ ⦃a : α⦄ {s : Finset α} (ne : s.Nonempty), a ∈ I → a ∉ s → (s ⊆ I) → p s ne → p (insert a s) (Finset.insert_nonempty _ _)) : + p I I_nonempty := +by + suffices ∀ (s : Finset α) (ne : Finset.Nonempty s), s ⊆ I → p s ne by + exact this I I_nonempty (subset_refl _) + apply Finset.Nonempty.induction + · simp only [singleton_subset_iff] + exact initial + · intro a s ne a_notin_s h_ind insert_subset + have ⟨a_in_I, s_ss_I⟩ := Finset.insert_subset_iff.mp insert_subset + specialize h_ind s_ss_I + apply insert <;> try assumption + +theorem Filter.InBasis.sInf_finset_closed + (basis_closed : ∀ b1 b2 : Set α, b1 ∈ B → b2 ∈ B → Set.Nonempty (b1 ∩ b2) → b1 ∩ b2 ∈ B) + (I : Finset (Filter α)) + (I_nonempty : Finset.Nonempty I) + (in_basis : ∀ (F : Filter α), F ∈ I → F.InBasis B) + (inf_nebot : Filter.NeBot (⨅ f ∈ I, f)) : + Filter.InBasis (sInf I) B := by + rw [sInf_eq_iInf] + have dec_eq: DecidableEq (Filter α) := Classical.typeDecidableEq _ + + apply Finset.Nonempty.induction_on' I_nonempty (p := fun i _ => InBasis (⨅ a ∈ i, a) B) + · simp + exact in_basis + · intro F I' _ F_in_I _ I'_ss_I I'_basis + simp only [Finset.mem_insert_coe] + rw [iInf_insert (s := I') (b := F)] + apply Filter.InBasis.inf basis_closed _ I'_basis + · simp only [<-Finset.mem_coe] + show NeBot (id F ⊓ ⨅ f ∈ (I' : Set (Filter α)), id f) + rw [<-iInf_insert] + apply Filter.neBot_of_le (f := ⨅ f ∈ I, f) + simp only [id_eq, <-Finset.mem_coe] + apply iInf_le_iInf_of_subset + exact Set.insert_subset F_in_I I'_ss_I + · exact in_basis _ F_in_I + +theorem Filter.InBasis.sInf_closed + (basis_closed : ∀ b1 b2 : Set α, b1 ∈ B → b2 ∈ B → Set.Nonempty (b1 ∩ b2) → b1 ∩ b2 ∈ B) + (I : Set (Filter α)) + (I_nonempty : I.Nonempty) + (in_basis : ∀ (F : Filter α), F ∈ I → F.InBasis B) + (inf_nebot : Filter.NeBot (⨅ f ∈ I, f)) : + Filter.InBasis (sInf I) B := +by + rw [sInf_eq_iInf] + + have iInf_I_eq := iInf_subtype (p := fun x => x ∈ I) (f := fun x => x.val) + simp only at iInf_I_eq + + intro T T_in_sinf + rw [<-iInf_I_eq] at T_in_sinf + rw [Filter.mem_iInf_finite] at T_in_sinf + let ⟨S, T_in_inf⟩ := T_in_sinf + clear T_in_sinf + have dec_eq: DecidableEq (Filter α) := Classical.typeDecidableEq _ + + let S' := Finset.image (Subtype.val) S + + have S'_eq : ⨅ i ∈ S, i.val = sInf S' := by + rw [sInf_eq_iInf] + simp + rw [iInf_subtype] + + by_cases S_empty? : S.Nonempty + swap + { + rw [Finset.not_nonempty_iff_eq_empty] at S_empty? + rw [S_empty?] at T_in_inf + simp at T_in_inf + let ⟨F, F_in_I⟩ := I_nonempty + rw [T_in_inf] + simp + let ⟨U, U_in_F, U_in_B, _⟩ := in_basis F F_in_I Set.univ Filter.univ_mem + use U + constructor + · rw [<-iInf_I_eq] + apply Filter.mem_iInf_of_mem ⟨F, F_in_I⟩ + exact U_in_F + · assumption + } + + have S_basis : Filter.InBasis (⨅ i ∈ S, i.val) B := by + rw [S'_eq] + apply Filter.InBasis.sInf_finset_closed basis_closed + · simp + assumption + · unfold_let + simp only [Finset.mem_image] + intro F ⟨F', _, F'_eq⟩ + apply in_basis + rw [<-F'_eq] + exact Subtype.mem F' + · simp only [<-Finset.mem_coe] + apply Filter.neBot_of_le (f := ⨅ f ∈ I, f) + apply iInf_le_iInf_of_subset + simp + + have S_inf_le_I_inf : ⨅ i ∈ I, i ≤ ⨅ i ∈ S, i.val := by + rw [S'_eq, sInf_eq_iInf] + apply iInf_le_iInf_of_subset + simp + + let ⟨U, U_in_inf, U_in_B, U_ss_T⟩ := S_basis T T_in_inf + use U + repeat' apply And.intro + apply S_inf_le_I_inf + all_goals assumption + +theorem Filter.InBasis.is_atomic + (basis_closed : ∀ b1 b2 : Set α, b1 ∈ B → b2 ∈ B → Set.Nonempty (b1 ∩ b2) → b1 ∩ b2 ∈ B) + : IsAtomic { F : Filter α // F.InBasis B ∨ F = ⊥ } := by + by_cases α_nonempty? : Nonempty α + swap + { + rw [not_nonempty_iff] at α_nonempty? + constructor + intro ⟨F, _⟩ + left + simp + exact filter_eq_bot_of_isEmpty F + } + + apply IsAtomic.of_isChain_bounded + intro ch ch_chain ch_nonempty bot_notin_ch + + let ch' : Set (Filter α) := { F : Filter α | ∃ F' ∈ ch, F'.val = F } + + have ch'_chain : IsChain (fun x y => x ≥ y) ch' := by + intro f f_in_ch' g g_in_ch' f_ne_g + let ⟨f', f'_in_ch, f'_eq⟩ := f_in_ch' + let ⟨g', g'_in_ch, g'_eq⟩ := g_in_ch' + rw [<-f'_eq, <-g'_eq] + simp + have f'_ne_g' : f' ≠ g' := by + intro eq + rw [eq] at f'_eq + rw [<-f'_eq, <-g'_eq] at f_ne_g + exact f_ne_g rfl + symm at f'_ne_g' + apply ch_chain <;> assumption + + have bot_notin_ch' : ⊥ ∉ ch' := by + intro ⟨f, f_in_ch, f_eq_bot⟩ + simp at f_eq_bot + rw [f_eq_bot] at f_in_ch + exact bot_notin_ch f_in_ch + + let sch := sInf ch' + have sch_neBot : Filter.NeBot sch := by + apply Filter.sInf_neBot_of_directed + apply ch'_chain.directedOn + exact bot_notin_ch' + + have sch_basis : InBasis sch B := by + apply Filter.InBasis.sInf_closed basis_closed + · let ⟨x, x_in_ch⟩ := ch_nonempty + use x + simp only [Subtype.exists, exists_and_right, exists_eq_right, Set.mem_setOf_eq, + Subtype.coe_eta, or_true, exists_prop] + exact ⟨x.prop, x_in_ch⟩ + · intro F F_in_ch + simp at F_in_ch + let ⟨F_basis, F_in_ch⟩ := F_in_ch + apply F_basis.elim id + intro F_eq_bot + exfalso + simp [F_eq_bot] at F_in_ch + exact bot_notin_ch F_in_ch + · rw [<-sInf_eq_iInf] + exact sch_neBot + + let sch' : { F // InBasis F B ∨ F = ⊥ } := ⟨sch, Or.intro_left _ sch_basis⟩ + have sch'_ne_bot : sch' ≠ ⊥ := by + unfold_let + intro eq_bot + rw [Subtype.mk_eq_bot_iff] at eq_bot + apply sch_neBot.ne + exact eq_bot + right; rfl + + use sch' + use sch'_ne_bot + unfold lowerBounds + simp + intro F F_basis F_in_ch + apply sInf_le + simp + use F_basis + +-- TODO: define UltrafilterInBasis.of :)